The prostate is a critical male organ that often goes unnoticed until issues arise, potentially leading to more serious health concerns. The prostate produces seminal fluid, which nourishes sperm, playing a vital role in male fertility. Without the nutrients this fluid provides, sperm survival and the likelihood of reproduction would be significantly diminished.Men over the age of 40 are generally advised to discuss prostate cancer screening with their healthcare provider, mainly through the use of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Unfortunately, screening often occurs only after symptoms or problems have developed. At this stage, determining the underlying cause of the symptoms and taking appropriate action becomes crucial, and the PSA test serves as a critical diagnostic tool.Rising PSA levels can be concerning, as persistently elevated readings may indicate an increased risk of serious health issues. To better understand the implications of rising PSA levels, it’s essential to explore what the PSA test measures, the factors contributing to elevated levels, and the potential steps to take if your PSA levels are consistently high.
Understanding PSA Tests
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and its levels naturally vary with age. In men under 50, PSA levels typically remain relatively low, around 2.5 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. As men age, these levels increase—up to 3.5 ng/mL by age 60, 4.5 ng/mL by age 70, and 5.5 ng/mL by age 80. PSA testing generally begins around age 50 and is conducted every two to three years, with more frequent monitoring of abnormal levels.While elevated PSA levels do not automatically signify cancer, they do warrant further investigation. PSA levels between 4 and 10 ng/mL are associated with a 25% chance of prostate cancer, while levels exceeding 10 ng/mL increase the likelihood to 50%. The higher the PSA level, the greater the risk.
Factors Contributing to Elevated PSA Levels
Several factors can lead to increased PSA levels, many of which are unrelated to cancer. Conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an enlarged prostate that raises the number of PSA-producing cells, and prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate, can both result in elevated levels. Additionally, urinary tract infections, recent ejaculation, and activities like prolonged cycling, which apply pressure to the perineum, can also cause temporary increases in PSA levels.
Next Steps
If your PSA levels are significantly elevated, additional screenings may be necessary. These can include digital rectal exams, transrectal ultrasounds, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or biopsies to confirm the presence of cancer. If cancer is detected, the Gleason score assesses its aggressiveness and will guide the appropriate course of action. Depending on the severity, treatment options may range from active surveillance for low-grade cancers to radiation therapy or surgery for more advanced cases.Although there is no guaranteed method to lower PSA levels, particular lifestyle, and dietary modifications may help reduce them. Research suggests that the following changes could be beneficial:
Incorporating foods rich in lycopene, an antioxidant found in red fruits and vegetables
Adopting a plant-based diet
Taking vitamin D supplements
Increasing physical activity
While a high PSA level does not definitively indicate cancer, it is a signal that further investigation and preventative measures are necessary to safeguard your health.Dr. David Samadiis the Director of Men’s Health and Urologic Oncology at St. Francis Hospital in Long Island. He’s a renowned and highly successful board-certified Urologic Oncologist Expert and Robotic Surgeon in New York City, regarded as one of the leading prostate surgeons in the U.S., with a vast expertise in prostate cancer treatment and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy. Dr. Samadi is a medical contributor to NewsMax TV and is also the author of The Ultimate MANual, Dr. Samadi’s Guide to Men’s Health and Wellness, available online both on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Visit Dr. Samadi’s websites at robotic oncology and prostate cancer 911.
