Dr. David Samadi 

  Noticing a lump or bump on a testicle can be alarming. This sensitive body part naturally causes concern when something feels out of place. But while it’s easy to assume the worst, there are a variety of possible explanations—many of which are non-cancerous. Still, it’s always wise to get any changes checked by a doctor promptly to understand what’s happening and ensure proper care.  

Possible Causes of Testicular Lumps

  When a man discovers a lump, it’s common for thoughts to turn to testicular cancer immediately. Fortunately, testicular cancer is rare, and many other conditions can cause lumps or bumps that are far more common and usually not dangerous. Here are some possible causes:  

Cysts (Epididymal Cysts)

  Cysts, or fluid-filled sacs, can sometimes form near the top of the testicle. Often painless, these cysts can feel like one or more small lumps and may grow larger over time. A urologist can remove them if they become uncomfortable with a minor outpatient procedure.  

Epididymitis

  Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, the tube behind the testicle that carries sperm. This can cause a painful, tender lump behind the testicle, often due to infection or other causes.  

Swelling and Inflammation

  Swelling in the scrotum can happen for various reasons, such as injury, infection, or fluid buildup. This can cause the scrotal sac to look enlarged or feel heavier. Seek your doctor’s expert advice to pinpoint the underlying cause.  

Testicular microlithiasis

  This uncommon condition involves small calcium clusters forming inside the testicles. It’s usually diagnosed through an ultrasound. While testicular microlithiasis itself isn’t harmful, some studies suggest it may be linked to a slightly higher risk of testicular cancer.  

Varicocele

  Varicoceles are enlarged veins inside the scrotum, similar to varicose veins, that can appear in the legs. This can cause a feeling of heaviness or a dull ache, especially when standing. Varicoceles can also contribute to low sperm production, impacting fertility.  

Hydrocele

  A hydrocele is a painless swelling caused by fluid around the testicle. It can make the testicle appear more prominent and may follow an injury or surgery. A simple outpatient procedure can drain the fluid if the swelling becomes uncomfortable.  

Hernia

  Sometimes, a hernia may cause a soft lump or bulge in the scrotum. This happens when part of the intestine pushes through the abdominal wall, often showing up as a lump in the groin or scrotal area. Hernias can cause discomfort, a sensation of heaviness, and sometimes pain.  

Testicular Cancer

  Though rare—affecting roughly 8,500 men annually—testicular cancer is most often diagnosed in younger men, particularly between ages 15 and 35. Men usually find testicular cancer themselves, noticing a lump, hardness, or painless swelling. Some report a dull ache in the lower abdomen or a heavy feeling in the scrotum. Other signs might include fluid buildup in the scrotum or tenderness in the breast area. However, there is good news: when caught early, testicular cancer has a high treatment and recovery rate, so prompt medical attention is essential.  

Take Charge of Your Health

  Men can be proactive by performing a monthly self-exam of their testicles, ideally after a warm bath or shower when the scrotum is relaxed. This routine helps you become familiar with what’s normal so that any changes are more noticeable. If you feel something unusual, don’t hesitate to contact your doctor, preferably a urologist, for an evaluation.   Understanding your body and staying alert to changes can provide peace of mind and support long-term health.   Dr. David Samadi is the Director of Men’s Health and Urologic Oncology at St. Francis Hospital in Long Island. He’s a renowned and highly successful board certified Urologic Oncologist Expert and Robotic Surgeon in New York City, regarded as one of the leading prostate surgeons in the U.S., with a vast expertise in prostate cancer treatment and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy.  Dr. Samadi is a medical contributor to NewsMax TV and is also the author of two books, Prostate Cancer Now What? A Practical Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery and The Ultimate MANual, Dr. Samadi’s Guide to Men’s Health and Wellness, available online both on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Visit Dr. Samadi’s websites at robotic oncolo gy and prostate cancer 911.